Childhood Adversity and the MAOA-L Gene: The Intrinsic Genetic x Environment Interaction That Causes Antisocial Personality Disorder
Maya Basnayake
American School In Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Publication date: October 14, 2024
American School In Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Publication date: October 14, 2024
ABSTRACT
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is prevalent in 1 to 4% of US citizens and is a persisting issue that spreads its branches into a variety of societal issues including criminality. Its distinguishing characteristics involve aggression, violence, and maladaptive behaviours. Many studies have shown ASPD can occur via genetic (a mutation of the MAOA gene) or environmental (childhood adversity such as abuse and neglect) triggers, but are seldom concluded as a joint cause. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide insight into this premise. Through the evaluation of famous criminal cases and recent studies of Genetic x Environment interaction, this review provides evidence of the notion that this interaction is necessary for ASPD to manifest.
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is prevalent in 1 to 4% of US citizens and is a persisting issue that spreads its branches into a variety of societal issues including criminality. Its distinguishing characteristics involve aggression, violence, and maladaptive behaviours. Many studies have shown ASPD can occur via genetic (a mutation of the MAOA gene) or environmental (childhood adversity such as abuse and neglect) triggers, but are seldom concluded as a joint cause. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide insight into this premise. Through the evaluation of famous criminal cases and recent studies of Genetic x Environment interaction, this review provides evidence of the notion that this interaction is necessary for ASPD to manifest.
